B. 1.2. Answer the following questions briefly
Question 1.
What did Dr Radhakrishnan bring to Presidency?
Answer:
Dr Radhakrishnan brought to the office of the President a rare degree of learning and wealth of experience. He had a firm belief in the essential humanity of man, the right of all men to live in dignity with justice and oneness of all true spiritual values.
Question 2.
What oath did Dr Zakir Husain take off?
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain was elected as the President of India. He took the oath of loyalty to the Constitution.
Question 3.
What is the business of education?
Answer:
According to Dr Zakir Husain, the business of education is constantly to renew the process of growth of national culture and national character.
Question 4.
What did Dr Zakir Husain pledge himself to?
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain committed himself to the service of the totality of India’s culture. He pledged to serve the people and work for their welfare irrespective of religion, language, caste, colour or creed.
Question 5.
What does ‘work on one’s self mean? What is its end-product?
Answer:
Work on oneself means to follow the urge towards moral development as a free person under self-imposed discipline. Its end-product is a free moral personality.
Question 6.
What shall we dedicate ourselves to?
Answer:
We should dedicate ourselves for the improvement of ourselves to serve the society for a better, a juster and a more graceful way of life.
Question 7.
When was Dr. Zakir Husain bom ?
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain was born in Hyderabad in 1897.
Question 8.
How long Dr. Zakir Husain live?
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain died in 1969. He lived till he was seventy-two years old.
Question 9.
On what occasion did Dr Zakir Husain deliver this speech?
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain was elected the third President of India in 1967. He delivered this speech after taking the oath of the office of the President.
Question 10.
Why does Dr Zakir Husain call India “he young state of an ancient people”?
Answer:
India is an ancient civilization. The history of her people goes back to thousands of years. But it is a new state that was born after India own freedom in August 1947 and became a Republic on 26th January 1950.
C. 1. Bihar Board Class 12 English Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
‘This work, as I see it, has two aspects”. What are the two aspects of the works ? Explain in your own words.
Answer:
The two aspects of work are (i) individual works and (ii) social works. According to the author Individual work means work on one’s self. This type of work is to follow the urge towards moral development as a free person and under self-imposed discipline. Its end-product is a free moral personality. On the other hand, social work is work for the society around. The individual can not grow in full perfection without social help. So, we should get ourselves whole-heartedly engaged in two aspects of work.
Question 2.
What did Dr Zakir Husain say about material and cultural life, individual and social development giving Special flavour to India?
Answer:
Dr.Zakir Husain in his speech has said about material and cultural life, individual and social development in India.
Material and cultural life: Regarding the material life of our people, the author says that we should work more and more, our work should be silent, sincere, solid and steady. Regarding our cultural life, the author is sincere. He says that our culture is alive and dynamic. Our past culture is inherited by our ancient sages right from Aadipurush, Mannu to St. Tulsidas. It is still alive and progressing day by day.
Individual and social development: “Regarding individual and social development, Dr Zakir Husain, says that both individual and social development of our country is co-related to each other. For individual development there are two types of work. One work for personal benefit both financial and moral. But for ‘ two type of personal gains one must go to society. The author says that the individuality can not grow in full perfection without social help.
Question 3.
‘Power should be used only for moral purposes’ Explain.
Answer:
Power plays a dominant role in human society, the power of the manpower of society and the power of the state are the main kinds of power. According to Mahatma Gandhi power should be used only for moral purposes. If a strong man is engaged in work, there is peace. Regarding state power the author says that the state to us will not be just an organisation of power but a moral organisation. So, the moral purpose of power is essential for all-round development of the society.
Question 4.
‘The past is not dead and static’. How does Dr.Zakir Husain emphasises the significance of past?
Answer:
According to Dr.Zakir Husain there is a great significance of our past history. To him, we should pledge our loyalty to our past culture. We should not mind from where our past culture came and who brought the culture. The important thing is that our past glory is of great value. Our past glory and culture is the base on which the growth of our national culture and national character depends. So, the author is right to say that our past history is not dead and static. It is still alive and dynamic. Our prospect of future depends on the importance of past.
Question 5.
What does Zakir Husain exhort us to do to build the new life of the nation?
Answer:
The author in his speech has tried his best to advise us to labour hard to build the new life of the nation. To him, our family of the nation is big. We are continuously growing very fast. We shall have to participate in building its new life. He advises the people of India not to sit idle. Our work for the nation is hard, but we should not be discouraged. He says that the situation of the country demands of us work, work and work more, silent and sincere work, solid and steady reconstruction of the whole material and cultural life of our people.
Question 6.
In what context does Dr.Zakir Husain say ‘Bharat is my home’.
Answer:
In his presidential speech Dr.Zakir Husain expresses his national feelings. He loves his nation. He says that he is devoted to the loyalty of our past culture. He also promises to work for the development of our ancient culture. He pledges himself to work for the strength of the nation and its progress and for the welfare of its people without distinctions of caste, colour and creed. He says that “The whole of Bharat is my home and its people are my family”. He is proud of being a citizen of Bharat. He says that it is the greatness of the people that they have chosen him to make him the head of this family. He pledges to make his home ‘Bharat’ strong and beautiful. He would make the life of the people prosperous and graceful. Here, a strong feeling of nationality of the author is clearly expressed. Zakir Husain was a great nationalist.
C. 3. Composition
Write a paragraph in about 100 words on each of the following:
(a) Write a summary of Dr Zakir Husain’s speech in about 150 words.
Answer:
Dr Zakir Husain calls India a young state with ancient civilization and culture to which all the ethnic groups comprising the people of India contributed. He pledges to uphold the timeless values realised by the people through thousands of years. He pledges to serve all the people irrespective of their caste, creed, language and religion. He believes that the process of growth of national culture and national character is constant, and education is a prime instrument of national purpose because the quality of character depends on the quality of education. He says that the task of reconstruction of the material and cultural life of people demands sincere and steady efforts. For this, each person should develop himself into a moral personality through self-discipline, and then serve society to achieve a better, a juster and more graceful society. He endorses Gandhiji’s view that power should be used only for moral purposes.
(b)Write a short essay in about 150 words on ‘Unity in diversity’.
Answer:
‘Unity in diversity’ is a special feature of India. She is an ancient land with a culture and civilization that has evolved over thousands of years. Though a number of ethnic groups live in India, this ancient civilization binds them all together. India is a vast land. It has a number of different geographic and climatic zones. There are the Himalayas with snow-capped hills and mountains. Then there is the dry and sandy desert of Rajasthan. There is hot climate in the south that lies surrounded by the sea. Bengal and Gujarat are so different. Because of climatic and local conditions, the clothes and food habits and lifestyle of people are as varied as possible. Languages are so different. Hindi of north and Kannad and Tamil of the South seem to have no relation. Yet India is firmly tied by the ancient values, civilization and culture. There is unity in diversity.
(c) Write a speech to be delivered on Teachers’ Day justifying the celebration of Dr Radhakrishnan’s birthday as Teacher’s Day.
Answer:
Dr. Radhakrishnan has been the President of India. When he was asked how he would like his birthday to be celebrated, he replied that it could be celebrated a Teacher’s Day, Indeed Dr Radhakrishnan considered himself a foremost teacher. He was a professor of philosophy at Calcutta University and later at Oxford University. He was the first Indian to be appointed as a professor there. He has been the Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University. He was also the President of UNESCO. Indeed he was one of the greatest teachers India can be rightly proud of. Dr. Zakir Husain also greatly admired him and appreciated his contribution as a teacher. According to him, Dr Radhakrishnan devoted his lifetime to the pursuit of knowledge and truth. He explained Indian philosophical thought to the world. Dear friends, I think we are happy that on this teacher’s day, when we pay our regards to our one teachers, we also remember the great teacher and son of India, Dr. Radhakrishnan.
(d) You have been elected as the President of your school’s Student Council. Make a diary entry about changes you propose to introduce for the betterment of your school.
Answer:
3rd April, 20.
Dear Diary,
Today I am happy. I have been elected President of Students’Council. I plan to make the school better. There are no proper arrangements for drinking water. I’ll to have a few freshwater containers placed in different places. So it will be easier for students to get water and there be no crowding. There is no canteen in our school. Students go outside to buy eatables from hawkers in the recess. I will have a canteen in the school. !
Our library has very few newspapers and magazines. I will introduce a few more magazines. Our school organizes very few debates/quiz contests. I will have more inter-house contests.
The toilets in the school are very dirty. Til see they are regularly cleaned.
D. WORD STUDY
D. 1. Dictionary use
Ex. 1. Correct the spelling of the following words
Answer:
confes — confess
overwelmed — overwhelmed
errudition — erudition
prayfull — prayful
prejumption — presumption
inascapably — inescapably
Ex. 2. Lookup a dictionary and write two meanings of the following words—the one in which it is used in the lesson and the other which is more common.
Answer:
brought: (i) come with (him)
(ii) caused to be in a state or position
degree: (i) amount feeling or quality
(ii) the course of study in a university
enter: (i) come into a place
(ii) become a member of an organisation
dead: (i) no longer living
(ii) complete or absolute (silence)
renewal: (i) starting again
(ii) extension of time for which it is valid
D.2. Word-formation
Read carefully the following sentences taken from the lesson…………the word ‘renewal’ is derived from the adjective ‘new* by adding a suffix ‘-al’ and a prefix ‘re-‘ to it Point out which words the following are derived from:
Answer:
renewal — new
myself — my
totality — total
constantly — constant
building — build
D. 3. Word-meaning
Ex. 1. Match the words given in column A with their meanings given in column B :
Ex. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives: new special dual long prayerful
(a) Dr.Zakir Husain entered the office in a spirit of……………. humility.
(b) It is a Constitution of a…………… state.
(c) The choice of this office has been made due to…………….. association.
(d) This…………….. effort will give to the life of our state a flavour.
Answer;
(a) prayerful, (b) new, (c) long, (d) special, dual.
D. 4. Phrases
Ex. 1. Read the lesson carefully and find out the sentences in which the following phrases have been used. Then use these phrases in sentences of your own.
Answer:
(a) the pursuit of : He works day and night in pursuit of excellence.
(b) bring to : Please bring the matter to the notice of the Principal immediately.
(c) approximation of : The account is given by the witness was an approximation of the truth.
(d) bring forth : Our new Principal has brought forth many remarkable improvements.
E. Grammar
Read the following sentences from the lesson carefully
I must confess that
I can only assure you that
Mark the use of modal auxiliaries * ‘must’ and ‘can’ – in the sentences given above.
Ex. 1. Find out other modal auxiliaries used in the lesson and tell the specific meaning in which these modal auxiliaries have been used.
Answer:
must — bound to
can — be capable of
may — possibility